PROTEIN FIBERS!!!! This is the type of fiber, yarn, that people probably instantly think of when you say knitting, or yarn. This grouping is made up of all of the fiber that comes from animals. The most common and most well known is wool from sheep, but there are many many more - goats, rabbits, silk worms, camels etc.
It does only seem right, however, to start the posts on protein fibers with sheep - that and well, some are just super cute!
There are a ton of different types of sheep which also means that there are a ton of different types of wool and an almost endless number of ways to then blend those wools together. There are three things that all wool have in common:
1. They are all
hygroscopic; meaning that they can "absorb up to 30% of its weight in moisture while still feeling warm and dry against your skin."
2. They are all naturally flame-retardant.
3. They are all "extremely resilient and highly extensible," basically, they it will go back to its original shape and can stretch quite a bit.
Honestly, it can get a little overwhelming looking at all of the wool that is available to knit with. There are Bluefaced Leicester, Polwarth (which is what I am spinning with right now), Shetland, Leicester Longwool, Rambouillet etc. There is an even longer list
here. With all of different kinds of sheep and therefore yarn to choose from, each with its own qualities, how ever do you choose???
Luckily Clara Parkes helps to answer that a little bit in her book
The Knitter's Book of Yarn that I have mentioned in an earlier posting. She recommends looking at three things when shopping for yarn.
1. Fineness. Basically this is the diameter of the fiber. It is measured in microns. The smaller the micron number the finer the fiber. This has a direct correlation to the softness against your skin, the finer the softer it will feel.
2. Length. Each type of wool has a different length of individual fibers that make up the yarn. The shorter the fiber, the softer the fiber. However, the shorter the fiber the more easily it will pill - so it is a trade off. There are some wools that are soft and have a longer fiber length, so you need to feel the yarn.
3. Crimp. Crimp is how wavy the fiber is, just like human hair. From Parkes book "crimp helps fibers absorb and balance twist, and is also helps them trap still air, which - in turn - makes your fabric warmer." Strangely though, the fiber with the tinier crimp are the warmer fibers. Parkes recommends tinier crimp wools for "cozy sweaters, hats, blankets, and anything where softness, stretch, and warmth are prized." She recommends bigger ringlet type wool for "projects where drape and shimmer are needed, such as elegant sweaters, shawls, and throws."
Hopefully that helps when sorting through all of the different kinds of wool that is out there. But don't be confused, wool isn't the only type of protein fiber - next time Mohair!!!